Evolution of Software and Its Reflection in the Global Economy

In recent years, the impact of software on local and international processes has been widely discussed. The most important issue is related to the role of internet companies — platforms (Facebook, Google, Alibaba, etc.), which are key players in the advancement of digital technologies. This concerns the influence on software implementation and its effect on modern global economics.

A hundred years ago nobody could predict that humankind would be so dependent on the progression of digital technologies. Since the end of the 19^th century, different spheres of life began experiencing the advantages of fast-working software on collective performance. Let us analyse how digital technologies went from a concept on a piece of paper to the most impactful component of the global economy.

Brief Overview of the Formation

In the middle of the 19^th century, the notion of software was not the same as we are used to knowing it now. While there were mainly theories, researchers perceived the concept as a set of directives that had to be fulfilled subsequently.

Key dates in the history of software:

• Ada Lovelace is seen to be the first programmer. In 1843, she translated Charles Babbage’s lecture on the computer he had created. When translating the text, Ada added her comments, which were 3 times longer than the document. One of them contained a set of instructions for calculating Bernoulli numbers in relation to the described machine that turned out to be the basic software.
• Z3 is the first programmable PC, created in 1943 by the German scientist Konrad Zuse. In the period from 1943 to 1945, he also elaborated the first programming language Plankalkul, but because of World War II, it was never implemented.
• The formation of the first high-level neural network Fortran began in 1954. Its initial version was implemented 3 years later, in 1957.
• The complexity of the software gradually increased. Eventually, it became difficult to understand even for programmers themselves. Therefore, the Dutch scientist Edsger Dijkstra developed the structural paradigm in the late 60s.

The theory by the researcher from the Netherlands became a starting point for software as we know it now.

As a result, computer programs received the following hierarchy:

1. Data. The content of the software that can be stored on the computer or set by the user.
2. Processing model. A sequence description of how software should act.
3. User interface. A set of rules for the exchange of commands between the operator and the program.

This is a brief working pattern of software as we have it today. Innovative additions are constantly developed by programmers throughout the world. But it is expected that this model will stay the most efficient for at least a few decades.

Influence on the World’s Economic Processes

Almost all consumer sectors are now undergoing strong digital transformations. It concerns the integration of software for creating, processing, sharing, and transmitting data.

The purposes of these alterations are:

• uniform development of the economy;
• boost in the competitiveness of individual companies;
• improvement of the quality of life for the population.

The digital economy is not just the improvement of IT, the provision of online services, and the creation of hi-tech appliances. While local advancements of software in different niches can improve the condition of specific assets, they will not be achieved on the international level. The introduction of digital transformations globally unites the evolution of all economic markets in one direction or another.

The integration of innovative software makes a significant contribution to the modernisation of supply chains in non-digital sectors. Wide usage of the Internet and cloud services allowed centralising the work of organisations and outsourcing jobs. Similar trends are taking place on the customer side as well, resulting in the creation of new sales channels.

Innovative techs empower market participants, but also create a number of barriers. The effect of digitation on the competitive environment requires particular attention. Massive usage of software leads to the automation of work processes. It results in an increased demand for high-skilled jobs but also reduces the amount of manual labour.

The competitiveness of firms is increasingly determined not only by detectable assets but rather by abstract ones:

• people’s knowledge;
• human resources;
• ideas;
• AI/ML;
• intellectual property.

At the moment, one of the main tasks is to develop a balanced approach that can maximise the positive effect of innovative software on the digital economy and reduce the risks associated with the spread of new techs: unemployment, social inequality, etc.

Software Advancements in Different Branches of Economy

The reaction to the improvement of the programming component is similar to the majority of spheres of life. Higher convenience for users with larger profits for business owners. For example, the implementation of innovations in iGaming creates such directions as live gambling, virtual reality casinos, cryptocurrency transactions. All this works in favour of economic progress.

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